Algal Bloom
An algal bloom refers to the rapid and dense proliferation of planktonic algae or cyanobacteria in water bodies, such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic microorganisms that were once classified as algae but are now classified as bacteria. These organisms can quickly reproduce and create a thick layer on the water surface, leading to a visible discoloration of the water. The primary cause of algal blooms is an excessive concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, in the water. These nutrients come from sources such as agricultural runoff, sewage, and fertilizers. The sudden increase in algae or cyanobacteria can also cause a depletion of oxygen in the water, leading to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. Moreover, some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that can harm humans, pets, and wildlife. As such, algal blooms have significant ecological and public health implications.